This AWS specification provides the standards for, among other filler metals, a common classification of stick electrode: E7018. Like other stick electrodes, E7018 products have four key designators in their classification (see Figure 1). Low-alloy filler metals are organized into American Welding Society- (AWS-) specified chemistry classifications (see Figures 1 and 2). Product Classification A. These are carbon-molybdenum filler metals that have between 0.40 and 0.65 percent molybdenum to increase the weld’s strength and maintain that strength at elevated temperatures, even. For a complete listing of electrode designations, usability Classifications, weld metal chemical compositions and testing methods involved, refer to the appropriate AWS Filler metal specifications mentioned in tables 1 and 2. The American Welding Society (AWS) publishes specifications for a wide variety of welding filler metals. These specifications are a series of rules and standards used by the welding industry to classify welding electrodes. The A5 group of specifications provides requirements for. Matching filler metals may reduce cracking tendencies Table 4. Matching (M), Undermatching (U) and Overmatching (O) tensile strength combinations for A572 Gr. 50 with E70 filler metal. Base Metal - A572 Gr. 50 E70 Filler Metal - Strength Levels Min. 65 ksi (450 MPa) Med. 80 ksi (550 MPa) High - 90 ksi (620 MPa) M U U O M U O O M Strength.
Metal Classification - Deciphering the Codes
Introduction
Filler Metal Specification And Classification Sheet
For the many different metals and alloys sold today, nearly as many classification systems exist to keep all the standards straight within the industry. Students and apprentices should become familar with at least a couple of them early on in their training. Generally, welders refer to three key bodies when it comes to the numbers - the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), which classifies steels; the Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE), which classifies all metals used on motor vehicles; and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), which oversees codes that pertain to pressure vessels, fittings and pipe.
Aws Filler Metal Specification Pdf
The American Petroleum Institute (API) maintains some 500 standards of its own. These cover the oil and gas industry. Meanwhile, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has compiled some 12,000-plus codes for various metal products. On aluminum stock, you may see labeling from the Aluminum Association (AA). Finally, the U.S. Military (MIL) and some federal government agencies have their own codes. For an example of how different classifications line up against each other, here's a crossreferenee chart.
Naturally, there's a body set up to oversee all these 'standards developing organizations'. It's known as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). On the global front, there's the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which attempts to consolidate various national stock codes worldwide. In the 1970's, a 'Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys' (UNS) was jointly put into play by ASTM and SAE.
Long story short - Be prepared to see this alphabet soup on the labels of any new metal stock you weld on, both in the shop and out in the field. (The American Welding Society, incidentally, classifies filler rods and stick electrodes used by welders, but not the base metals themselves. See Consumeables for info.)
Carbon and Alloyed Steels
Most ironworkers are aquainted with carbon steel, since tons of this material go into building bridges, high-rises and pipelines each year. This steel begins as iron oxide in rocks like hematite and magnetite, and during its processing carbon gets added to create the material we know as steel. In particular, 'cold-rolled' steel labeled A36 comes in all shapes and sizes of girders, so you're likely to come across it on any largescale project. (Cold-rolled means that the stock is shaped at room temperature.) Once installed on a construction site, (and often even before that), this framing usually has to be welded together. In manufacturing, both cold-rolled and hot-rolled steel are used in a variety of alloys. An alloy is defined as a separate element or compound added to the base metal, like nickel or chromium.
Steel framing classifications mostly come from ASTM. The code starts with the letter A, followed by a number ranging anywhere from 1 to 1000. There's a complete listing of the various specifications at the ASTM website, but here's a sampling for common stock used in construction.
A36/A36M-08 Carbon Structural Steel
A53/A53M-10 Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded/ Seamless
A242/A242M-04(R2009) High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
A283/A283M-03(R2007) Low/Intermediate Tensile Strength Carbon Steel Plates
A307-10 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi Tensile Strength
A500/A500M-10 Cold Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
A501-07 Hot-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing
A992/A992M-06 Structural Steel Shapes
Another well-used classfication system you'll come across is the SAE-AISI code for steel. The xx in the table below represents the carbon content of the metal in hundredths of a percent. The first digit in the number represents the other alloy (if any) added to the steel. The second digit indicates either the percentage of that alloy, or more alloy additives.
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You can read a layman's description of the different alloying elements (nickel, phosphorus, manganese, etc.) on the website of Metallurgical Consultants.
Stainless Steels
The roster of stainless steel classifications is vast. Fortunately, this metal is easily distinguished from the others, because three-digit numbers are used instead of four. Most fall in the 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 series.
As discussed in Visually Identifying Common Metals. stainless steel is manufactured in different ways to achieve specific properties. The main categories are Austenitic, Martensitic, Ferritic, Precipitation Hardening and Duplex.
Coolie dance riddim. Stainless steels may also be idenfitied by their chromium/nickel percentages. You see designations like 18-8, 15-5, 17-7, etc. The first number indicates the percentage of chromium added to the steel, the second number the percent nickel.
For welders, the most common stainless steel filler rod you'll see is 304L, used on austenitic grades. The L stands for low carbon, which provides greater corrosion resistance. For more on stainless steel filler rods, see TIG Welding Rods.
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